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Dexter's Laboratory

Genre	Comedy Science fiction
Created by	Genndy Tartakovsky
Directed by	Genndy Tartakovsky Robert Alvarez Paul Rudish Craig McCracken Rob Renzetti Rumen Petkov John McIntyre Chris Savino (and supervising director) David Smith Tim Walker Don Judge
Voices of	Christine Cavanaugh (1995–2002) Candi Milo (2002–03) Allison Moore (1996–97; 2001–02) Kat Cressida (1997–99; 2002–03) Kath Soucie Jeff Bennett Eddie Deezen Rob Paulsen Tom Kenny Frank Welker
Theme music composer	Thomas Chase and Steve Rucker (main series) Gary Lionelli (Dial M and The Justice Friends)
Opening theme	"Dexter's Laboratory" (main title)
Ending theme	"Dexter's Laboratory" (end title) performed by Mako and Agostino Castagnola
Composer(s)	Thomas Chase and Steve Rucker (main series) Gary Lionelli (Dial M and The Justice Friends)
Country of origin	United States
Original language(s)	English
No. of seasons	4
No. of episodes	78 (221 segments) (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)	Larry Huber (season 1) Buzz Potamkin (season 1) Joe Mazzuca (season 1) Catherine Winder (season 1) Fred Seibert (season 1) Brian A. Miller (seasons 1–2) Sherry Gunther (seasons 1–2) Genndy Tartakovsky (seasons 3–4) For Cartoon Network (seasons 2–4): Linda Simensky (seasons 2–4), Andrea Lopez (seasons 3–4) and Khaki Jones (seasons 2–4)
Producer(s)	Genndy Tartakovsky (seasons 1–2) Chris Savino (seasons 3–4) Davis Doi (supervising producer, season 2) Brian A. Miller (supervising producer for Cartoon Network Studios, seasons 3–4)
Running time	22 minutes
Production company(s)	Hanna-Barbera Cartoons (1996–99) Cartoon Network Studios (2001–03)
Distributor	Turner Entertainment (Season 1) Warner Bros. Television Distribution (All other seasons)
Release
Original network	Cartoon Network
Picture format	480i
Audio format	Dolby Surround (1996–99) Dolby Digital 5.1 (2001–2003)
Original release	April 27, 1996 – November 20, 2003
Chronology
Related shows	What a Cartoon!
External links
Website

Dexter's Laboratory is an American animated series created by Genndy Tartakovsky for Cartoon Network. It follows Dexter, a boy-genius and inventor with a hidden laboratory in his room, which he keeps secret from his parents. He is in a constant battle with his older sister Dee Dee, who always finds a way to get inside Dexter's lab and inadvertently foil his experiments. Dexter also engages in a bitter rivalry with a fellow boy-genius named Mandark, who is Dexter's neighbor and classmate. Prominently featured in the series' first two seasons are segments featuring superhero-based characters Monkey, Dexter's pet lab-monkey/superhero, and The Justice Friends, a trio of superheroes who share an apartment.
Tartakovsky pitched the series to Fred Seibert's first animated shorts showcase What a Cartoon! at Hanna-Barbera, basing it on student films Tartakovsky produced at the California Institute of the Arts, and four pilots aired from 1995 to 1996. Viewer approval ratings led to a half-hour series, which initially ran for two seasons with 52 total episodes from April 27, 1996, to June 15, 1998. On December 10, 1999, a made-for-television movie titled Ego Trip aired as the intended series finale, and Tartakovsky left to begin work on Samurai Jack.
In 2001, the series was revived for two more seasons containing 26 total episodes, which began on November 18, 2001, and concluded on November 20, 2003. Due to Tartakovsky's departure from the series, the new seasons were made under Chris Savino and a different production team at Cartoon Network Studios. The revival's animation was created with digital ink and paint instead of the previous seasons' cel animation style.
Dexter's Laboratory received critical acclaim and became one of Cartoon Network's most successful original series. During its run, the series won three Annie Awards, with nominations for four Primetime Emmy Awards, four Golden Reel Awards, and nine other Annie Awards. The series is notable for helping launch the careers of animators Craig McCracken, Seth MacFarlane, Butch Hartman, and Rob Renzetti. Spin-off media include comic books, DVD and VHS releases, music albums, collectible toys, and video games.

Premise

The series revolves around Dexter (voiced by Christine Cavanaugh in seasons 1–3; Candi Milo in seasons 3–4) a bespectacled boy-genius who possesses a secret laboratory hidden behind a bookcase in his bedroom. The laboratory is filled with Dexter's inventions and can be accessed by speaking passwords or by activating hidden switches on Dexter's bookshelf (e.g. pulling out a specific book). Though highly intelligent, Dexter often fails at what he sets out to do when he becomes overexcited and makes careless choices. Although he comes from a typical American family, Dexter speaks with a thick accent of indeterminate origin. Christine Cavanaugh described it as "an affectation, [a] kind of accent, we're not quite sure. A small Peter Lorre, but not. Perhaps he's Latino, perhaps he's French. He's a scientist; he knows he needs [a] kind of accent."^[1] Genndy Tartakovsky explained, "he's a scientist. All scientists are foreign and have accents...It's not really a German accent. It's just Eastern European."^[2]
Dexter manages to keep his lab a secret from his clueless mother (voiced by Kath Soucie) and Dad (voiced by Jeff Bennett), who never take notice of it. However, he is frequently in conflict with his hyperactive older sister, Dee Dee (voiced by Alison Moore In seasons 1 & 3, and Kat Cressida in seasons 2 & 4). In spite of Dexter's advanced technology, Dee Dee eludes security, and once inside her brother's laboratory, she delights in playing haphazardly, wreaking havoc with his inventions. Though seemingly dim-witted, Dee Dee outsmarts her brother and even gives him helpful advice. For his part, Dexter, though annoyed by his intrusive sibling, feels a reluctant affection for her and will come to her defense if she is imperiled.
Dexter's nemesis is another boy-genius from his school named Susan "Mandark" Astronomonov^[3]^[4] (voiced by Eddie Deezen). Just like Dexter, Mandark possesses his own laboratory, but his schemes are generally evil and designed to gain power or downplay or destroy Dexter's accomplishments. In revival seasons, Mandark becomes significantly more evil, becoming Dexter's enemy rather than his rival, and Mandark's laboratory changes from brightly-lit with rounded features to gothic-looking, industrial, and angular. Dexter's inventions are objectively better than his, and Mandark tries to compensate for this by stealing Dexter's plans. Mandark's weakness is his unrequited love for Dee Dee.

Recurring segments

Nearly every Dexter's Laboratory episode is divided into different stories or segments, each being approximately 8 minutes long. Occasionally, a segment centers on characters from Dexter's Laboratory other than Dexter and his family. Two segments are shown primarily during season one: Dial M for Monkey and The Justice Friends.^[5] Dial M for Monkey is the middle segment for six episodes of season one, and The Justice Friends takes its place until season one's end.

Dial M for Monkey

Dial M for Monkey shorts feature Dexter's pet laboratory monkey named Monkey (vocal effects provided by Frank Welker), whom Dexter believes is an ordinary monkey and nothing more. However, Monkey secretly has superpowers and fights evil as a superhero named Monkey. Monkey is joined by his partner Agent Honeydew (voiced by Kath Soucie) of Global Security, Commander General (voiced by Robert Ridgely in Season 1, Earl Boen in Season 2), and a team of assembled superheroes. Dial M for Monkey was created by Genndy Tartakovsky, Craig McCracken, and Paul Rudish.^[6] Monkey's superpowers include superstrength, telekinesis, flight, and super speed among others.

The Justice Friends

The Justice Friends consists of Major Glory (a spoof of Captain America with the abilities and personality of Superman, voiced by Rob Paulsen), Valhallen (a spoof of Thor with the personality of Eddie Van Halen, voiced by Tom Kenny), and the Infraggable Krunk (a spoof of the Incredible Hulk, voiced by Frank Welker), a trio of superhero roommates residing in an apartment called Muscular Arms. Their adventures deal less with superhero life and more with an inability to agree with each other; it is presented much like a sitcom, including a laugh track. Genndy Tartakovsky's inspiration for The Justice Friends came from reading Marvel Comics when learning how to speak English.^[7] Tartakovsky stated in an IGN interview that he was disappointed with how The Justice Friends turned out, saying, "it could have been funnier and the characters could have been fleshed out more."^[8]

Mini-segments

Between the three main segments in seasons one and two are brief mini-segments, which often feature only Dexter and Dee Dee. Other characters that star in these include "The Puppet Pals", two live-action puppets named Puppet Pal Mitch (Rob Paulsen) and Puppet Pal Clem (Tom Kenny).

Production

Dexter's Laboratory creator Genndy Tartakovsky at the Annecy International Animated Film Festival in 2012.

Genndy Tartakovsky, the creator of Dexter's Laboratory, was born in Moscow, where his father, a dentist, served in the government of the Soviet Union. Although relatively wealthy and well-connected, his family feared racial persecution due to their Jewish heritage and moved to the United States when Tartakovsky was seven. Along with his older brother, Alex, Tartakovsky taught himself how to draw as a child by copying comic books.^[2]^[9]^[10] After transferring from Columbia College Chicago to California Institute of the Arts in 1990 to study animation, Tartakovsky wrote, directed, animated, and produced two student short films, one of which was a precursor to Dexter's Laboratory's television pilot, "Changes".^[11]^[12]^[13] Described as a two-and-a-half minute pencil test,^[13]^[14] this short film was included in a university screening for the producers of Batman: The Animated Series, who were impressed and hired Tartakovsky.^[13] Later on, Tartakovsky joined the production team of 2 Stupid Dogs.^[14]^[15]^[16] Several of his co-workers on that series, such as Craig McCracken, Rob Renzetti, Paul Rudish, and Lou Romano, had been classmates of his at Cal Arts^[17] and went on to collaborate with him on Dexter's Laboratory.^[18]^[19]^[20] Tartakovsky's last job before developing Dexter's Laboratory into a television series was to serve as a sheet timer on The Critic. During his time on that series, Tartakovsky received a phone call from Larry Huber, who had been a producer on 2 Stupid Dogs. Huber had shown Tartakovsky's unfinished student film to a then-nascent Cartoon Network and wanted Tartakovsky to develop the concept into a seven-minute storyboard.^[14]^[15]
Unhappy with his position on The Critic, Tartakovsky accepted Huber's proposal,^[15] and the resulting project, "Changes", was produced as part of Cartoon Network's animation showcase series, World Premiere Toons.^[14]^[15]^[21] "Changes" debuted on February 26, 1995.^[21] Viewers worldwide voted through phone lines, websites, focus groups, and consumer promotions for their favorite short cartoons; Dexter's Laboratory was the first of 16 to earn that vote of approval.^[6] Mike Lazzo, then-head of programming for Cartoon Network, said in 1996 that it was his favorite of the 48 shorts that had been produced by that point, commenting that he and colleagues "loved the humor in the brother-versus-sister relationship".^[22]
Even after "Changes" premiered, Tartakovsky had no expectations that it would lead to an entire series.^[14] In 2018, he noted that his generation was the first in which people could become showrunners at a young age, saying, "Everybody before us were in their forties, at least, and so [our generation's experience] was a very different way to do something where we had no clue what we were doing and we were just trying to make each other laugh."^[23] When Dexter's Laboratory received a series green-light, Tartakovsky became, at age twenty-seven, one of the youngest animation directors of that era.^[9]
Tartakovsky's old classmates McCracken and Rudish helped him design "Changes". Soon afterward, Tartakovsky helped McCracken create his own short film for World Premiere Toons, which would eventually become the basis for The Powerpuff Girls.^[14] After finishing McCracken's project, the group proceeded to a second short film for Dexter's Laboratory, titled "The Big Sister".^[14]^[17] At the time, Tartakovsky was still not anticipating a series green-light for Dexter's Laboratory. He went on to reminisce that, in those days, he was simply having fun working on short films with his friends.^[14] Tartakovsky and McCracken, who had been roommates shortly after college,^[23]^[24] went on to become regular collaborators on each other's series.^[25] Animation historian David Perlmutter noted a symbiosis between the two men, which he felt led to stylistic similarities between Dexter's Laboratory and The Powerpuff Girls.^[25]
In August 1995, Turner ordered six half-hours of Dexter's Laboratory, which included two cartoons of one spin-off segment titled Dial M for Monkey.^[6] In addition to Tartakovsky, McCracken, Renzetti, and Rudish,^[14] directors and writers on Dexter's Laboratory included Seth MacFarlane,^[26] Butch Hartman,^[27] John McIntyre,^[28] and Chris Savino.^[29] McCracken also served as an art director on the series. Perlmutter described McCracken's role on Dexter's Laboratory as that of Tartakovsky's "effective second-in-command".^[25]

Conception

Dexter's Laboratory originated with one of Genndy Tartakovsky's designs of a ballet dancer.^[10]^[30] While attending CalArts, Tartakovsky drew a tall, thin girl dancing and decided to pair her with a short and blocky opposite.^[2]^[10] These two characters would eventually develop into Dee Dee and Dexter respectively, although they went unnamed until Tartakovsky started expanding the concept for Cartoon Network.^[14] To further contrast the two characters, Tartakovsky determined that Dee Dee would be artistic, while Dexter would be focused on science.^[2]^[10] In an interview, Tartakovsky said, "Dee Dee came first. She was really the star of the show to me. She was so much fun. Later on, I started on Dexter and he took over."^[2]

It actually started with Dee Dee...I drew this skinny, big-headed girl dancing. When I had finished her, I thought, what would be the opposite of her? So, I drew a block. That's Dexter.

—Tartakovsky^[10]

The names Dexter and Dee Dee were both found in name books; "Dexter" caught Tartakovsky's attention for sounding scientific, while "Dee Dee" appealed to him because of its uniqueness and because he felt that it complemented that character's two ponytails. Before settling on these options, Tartakovsky had considered titling the series Dartmouth and Daisy. Explaining why he discarded this idea, Tartakovsky said that "Dartmouth doesn't exactly roll off the tongue" and that the name Daisy was already heavily associated with Disney. The title Dexter's Laboratory was not settled on until around midway through production of the series' pilot episode, "Changes".^[14]
The ages of Dexter and Dee Dee are meant to be nebulous. Although Tartakovsky suggested that Dexter is intended to be about six to eight years old and that Dee Dee is "a couple years older", he also stressed that he would "never want" to specify Dexter's exact age.^[2] Tartakovsky wrote Dexter as a hardworking, unspoiled "Midwest kid" who loves food and explained, "I'm not saying he's from Chicago, but there's a reason he's got his own burrito palace, just like I had growing up in Chicago."^[10]
The sibling dynamic in Dexter's Laboratory was partially modeled on Tartakovsky's relationship with his older brother, Alex.^[2]^[9]^[10] Comparing himself to Dee Dee and Alex, who became a computer engineer, to Dexter,^[2]^[10] Tartakovsky acknowledged that he was most likely a "pest" to his older brother while they were growing up.^[2] Another time, he reminisced that as kids, he and his brother could be "pain[s] in the ass" to each other.^[14] To illustrate one of the parallels between his childhood and the series, Tartakovsky noted that Alex had kept him from playing with "intricate" toy soldiers in those days, much like Dexter attempts to keep Dee Dee away from his inventions.^[2]^[10]
Tartakovsky determined that Dexter should have an accent because the character "considers himself a very serious scientist, and all well-known scientists have accents."^[31] During one interview, Tartakovsky suggested that viewers should decide for themselves whether or not the character's accent is an affectation, saying that "[n]obody knows" whether the character is "pretending to be a German scientist" or is speaking naturally.^[23] Although Tartakovsky noted in a separate interview that Dexter's accent is not meant to denote any specific nationality,^[2] he revealed in a 2012 Reddit AMA that it was partially inspired by "a funny French accent" done by his college roommate.^[32]^[a]

I really don't like to answer those questions because it's a question that should forever exist. You kind of make your own mind up about it.

—Tartakovsky, on whether or not there is an in-universe explanation for Dexter's accent.^[23]

Tartakovsky also drew inspiration from his experiences as an immigrant growing up in Chicago. He explained that, like Dexter, he had a "very thick accent" as a child - and even though he lived in a diverse neighborhood, some kids teased him for this.^[2] Speaking with The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles in 2001, Tartakovsky explained, "When I moved to America, I wanted to fit in and be American...We never tried to be too heavy handed with 'Dexter's, but if you look at the underlying themes of the show, it's about a little kid trying to fit in."^[7] Tartakovsky noted that when he was a child, he was less confident than the character, telling The New York Times, "The one thing about Dexter, if he doesn't fit in, he'll start his own club. He's not afraid to be an outsider."^[31]
Linda Simensky, who served as senior vice-president of Original Animation for Cartoon Network during the production of Dexter's Laboratory, wrote in 2011 that Dexter was designed "to be more of an icon in some ways"; she continued, "his body was short and squat and his design was simple, with a black outline and relatively little detail... Since Tartakovsky knew he was developing Dexter for television, he purposely limited the design to some degree, designing the nose and mouth, for instance, in a Hanna-Barbera style to animate easily."^[17] This simplistic style was influenced by UPA shorts, as well as by the Merrie Melodies cartoon The Dover Boys.^[35] Simensky noted though, that in contrast to those cartoons, Dexter's Laboratory is "staged cinematically, rather than flat and close to the screen, to leave space and depth for the action and gags in the lab".^[17] Tartakovsky was also influenced by Warner Bros. cartoons, Hanna-Barbera, and Japanese anime.^[17]

Original run

Dexter's Laboratory premiered on TNT on April 27, 1996, and on April 28 on Cartoon Network and TBS Superstation.^[36] It became first in a brand of Cartoon Network original cartoons, later including Cow and Chicken, I Am Weasel, Johnny Bravo, The Powerpuff Girls, Ed, Edd n Eddy, and Courage the Cowardly Dog, collectively known as Cartoon Cartoons. A second season was ordered, which premiered on Cartoon Network on July 16, 1997.^[5]
Dexter's Laboratory went on hiatus in 1998 after two seasons, with season two lasting 39 episodes.^[37] The series finale was initially intended to be "Last But Not Beast", which differed from the format of other episodes, in that it was a single 25-minute episode, rather than a collection of shorter segments.^{[citation needed]} By this point, Tartakovsky was exhausted. His focus on the series had cost him two relationships, and he went on to joke that the process of running Dexter's Laboratory was like "giving birth to ten children."^[16] After putting the series on hiatus, Tartakovsky became a supervising producer on colleague Craig McCracken's series, The Powerpuff Girls; he also directed various episodes of that series and worked on The Powerpuff Girls Movie.^[9]^[14]^[25] After the movie, McCracken would later go on to create Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends, also for Cartoon Network. Both Hartman and MacFarlane left Cartoon Network altogether at this point; they moved on to create The Fairly OddParents and Family Guy, respectively.^[26]^[27] Rob Renzetti would later go on to create My Life as a Teenage Robot for Nickelodeon.
In 1999, Tartakovsky returned to direct Dexter's Laboratory: Ego Trip, an hour-long television movie.^[38] It was his last Dexter's Laboratory production to be involved with and was intended to be its conclusion. Ego Trip was hand-animated, though character and setting designs were subtly revised. Its plot follows Dexter on a quest through time to discover his future triumphs.^[38]

Revival

On February 21, 2001, Cartoon Network announced that Dexter's Laboratory had been revived for a 13-episode third season.^[39] The series was given a new production team at Cartoon Network Studios, and Chris Savino, then creator of The Loud House in 2016, took over the role of creative director from Tartakovsky, who at the time was immersed in launching his next series, Samurai Jack.^[7]^[39] During season four of Dexter's Laboratory, Savino was promoted to producer giving him further control of the series, including the budget.^[40] Revival episodes featured revised visual designs and sound effects, recast voice actors, continuity shakeups, and a transition from traditional cel animation, which was used until Ego Trip, to digital ink and paint, which was used permanently beginning with season three's premiere. Christine Cavanaugh voiced Dexter until early episodes of season three, but she retired from voice acting in 2001 for personal reasons. She was replaced by Candi Milo.^[37] Allison Moore, a college friend of Tartakovsky, was cast as Dee Dee. Moore's role was later recast with Kat Cressida.^[41] In season three, Moore briefly returned to voice Dee Dee before Cressida assumed her role for season four. The character designs were handled by Chris Battle, known individually for acting as character designer for Nickelodeon's Aaahh!!! Real Monsters and Cartoon Network's The Powerpuff Girls. Some of the new writing staff included Aaron Springer, creator of the failed Adult Swim pilot Korgoth of Barbaria, and the late Chris Reccardi, who was well known on the internet as the co-creator of the failed Nickelodeon pilot the Modifyers.

Episodes

Season		Segments	Episodes	Originally aired
Season		Segments	Episodes	First aired	Last aired
	Pilots	N/A	4	February 26, 1995	March 10, 1996
	1	39	13	April 28, 1996	January 1, 1997
	2	108	39	July 16, 1997	June 15, 1998
	Ego Trip			December 10, 1999
	3	36	13	November 16, 2001	September 20, 2002
	4	38	13	November 22, 2002	November 20, 2003

Dexter's Laboratory broadcast 78 half-hour episodes over 4 seasons during its 7-year run. Four pilot shorts were produced for What a Cartoon! that aired from 1995 to 1996, and were reconnected into season one in later airings. Fifty-two episodes were produced from 1996 to 1998, followed by Ego Trip in 1999.
Another 26 episodes were produced and broadcast from 2001 to 2003. "Chicken Scratch" debuted theatrically with The Powerpuff Girls Movie in 2002, and was later broadcast in season four.^[42]

Broadcast

On December 31, 2000, Cartoon Network aired its "New Year's Bash" marathon featuring Dexter's Laboratory among other programs.^[43] On November 16, 2001, it broadcast a 12-hour "Dexter Goes Global" marathon in 96 countries and 12 languages.^[44] This marathon featured fan-selected episodes of Dexter's Laboratory and culminated by premiering two new episodes of season 3.^[44]
From 2005 to 2008, Dexter's Laboratory was rerun in segments on The Cartoon Cartoon Show with other Cartoon Cartoons from that era. From 2012 to 2014, it returned in reruns on the revived block, Cartoon Planet.
From January 16, 2006, to January 4, 2015, Dexter's Laboratory aired reruns on Boomerang.^[45]^[46] The series returned on June 27, 2016 and stopped airing reruns on April 3, 2017. However, it returned on January 2, 2018 and continued to air until May 27, 2019.
Cartoon Network has aired reruns in Canada since its launch on July 4, 2012.^[47] This launch was commemorated by parent network Teletoon, which aired Cartoon Network-related programming blocks and promotions in weeks leading up to it, including episodes of Dexter's Laboratory.^[48]

Controversial episodes

"Dial M for Monkey: Barbequor" (season one, 1996) was removed from rotation after being broadcast in the United States for two reasons. First, it features a character named the Silver Spooner (a spoof of Silver Surfer), which was perceived by Cartoon Network to be a stereotype of gay men. Second, Krunk appears to become drunk, has a hangover, and vomits off-camera.^[49]^[50] In later broadcasts and on its Season One DVD (Region 1), "Barbequor" has been replaced with "Dexter's Lab: A Story", an episode from season two.^[51]
During season two of Dexter's Laboratory, a segment titled "Rude Removal" (season two, 1997) was produced. It involves Dexter creating a "rude removal system" to diminish Dee Dee and Dexter's rudeness; however, it instead creates highly rude clones of both siblings. "Rude Removal" was only shown during certain animation festivals and was never aired on television due to characters swearing, even though swear words were censored.^[52] Tartakovsky commented that "standards didn't like it."^[53] Linda Simensky, then-vice president of original programming for Cartoon Network, said "I still think it's very funny. It probably would air better late at night."^[52] Michelle Klein-Häss of Animation World Network called the episode "hilarious" after viewing it at the 1998 World Animation Celebration, although she predicted that it would "never be shown on television".^[54] In October 2012, Genndy Tartakovsky was asked about "Rude Removal" during an AMA on Reddit, and he replied "Next time I do a public appearance I'll bring it with me!".^[55] Adult Swim later asked fans on Twitter if interest still existed with it, and fan response was "overwhelming".^[56]^[57] "Rude Removal" was finally uploaded on AdultSwim.com via YouTube on January 22, 2013.^[58]

Reception

Dexter's Laboratory was one of Cartoon Network's highest-rated original series for years.^[59] Internationally, it garnered a special mention for best script at the 1997 Cartoons on the Bay animation festival in Italy.^[60] In 1998 and 1999, a Dexter balloon was featured in Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade alongside other iconic characters, including the titular piglet from Babe whom Christine Cavanaugh voiced.^[61]^[62] The series was part of Cartoon Network's 20% ratings surge during mid-1999.^[63] The series' July 7, 2000, telecast was the network's highest-rated original telecast among households (3.1), kids 2–11 (7.8), and kids 6–11 (8.4), with a delivery of almost 2 million homes.^[64] On July 31, 2001, it scored the highest household rating (2.9) and delivery (2,166,000 homes) for a Cartoon Network telecast for that year.^[65] Dexter's Laboratory was one of the network's highest-rated original series of 2002.^[66]

Critical reception

Dexter's Laboratory received critical acclaim. One of Cartoon Network president Betty Cohen's favorite animated shows was Dexter's Laboratory.^[63] Rapper Coolio has said that he is a fan and was happy to do a song for its soundtrack at Cartoon Network's request, stating, "I watch a lot of cartoons because I have kids. I actually watch more cartoons than movies."^[67]
Shortly after the premiere of its first season, Dexter's Laboratory was hailed as one of the best new series on Cartoon Network by Ted Cox of the Daily Herald.^[68] In the lead up to its second season, Dexter's Laboratory was called the most imaginative series on Cartoon Network by Nancy McAlister of The Florida Times-Union.^[b] Although McAlister critiqued the gender stereotyping of Dexter's parents, she acknowledged that she was only applying such scrutiny to the series because Dexter's Laboratory had helped convince her that "viewers should take animated programming seriously".^[69]
In 1997, Bill Ward of the Star Tribune named Dexter's Laboratory to his Critic's Choice list, recommending it for the "young of all ages".^[70] In a 2012 top 10 list by Entertainment Weekly, Dexter's Laboratory was ranked as the fourth best Cartoon Network series.^[71] In 2009, Dexter's Laboratory was named 72nd best animated series by IGN, whose editors remarked, "Aimed at and immediately accessible to children, Dexter's Laboratory was part of a new generation of animated series that played on two levels, simultaneously fun for both kids and adults."^[72] In his 2015 book Animation: A World History Volume III: Contemporary Times, Giannalberto Bendazzi called Dexter's Laboratory "visually and verbally innovative".^[73] He considered the series to be a groundbreaking work of pop art, likening its visual style to both street art and the designs of Takashi Murakami.^[73] David Perlmutter wrote in his 2018 book, The Encyclopedia of American Animated Television Shows, that all three segments of Dexter's Laboratory (the main scenario, along with Dial M for Monkey and The Justice Friends) elevate stereotypical ideas through an approach that contains "verve and originality".^[74] Perlmutter called the series more "complex" than it first seems.^[74] He praised the staging of action sequences throughout the series and wrote that Dexter's Laboratory is "much more effective (and funny) than it would have been under a director less committed to the project [than Tartakovsky]."^[74]
While the Genndy Tartakovsky run received critical acclaim, the Chris Savino run received a more mixed reception, and became notable for negative reception from fans.

Awards and nominations

Year	Award	Category	Nominee(s)	Result
1995	Annie Awards	Best Animated Short Subject^[75]	Hanna-Barbera for "Dexter's Laboratory (pilot episode)"	Won
	Annie Awards	Best Individual Achievement: Storyboarding in the Field of Animation^[75]	Genndy Tartakovsky	Nominated
	Primetime Emmys	Outstanding Animated Program (For Programming One Hour or Less)^[76]	Buzz Potamkin, Genndy Tartakovsky, and Larry Huber for "Dexter's Laboratory (pilot episode)"	Nominated
1996	Primetime Emmys	Outstanding Animated Program (For Programming One Hour or Less)^[77]	Larry Huber, Genndy Tartakovsky, Craig McCracken, and Paul Rudish for "The Big Sister"	Nominated
1997	Annie Awards	Best Individual Achievement: Writing in a TV Production^[78]	Jason Butler Rote and Paul Rudish for "Beard to Be Feared"	Won
		Best Animated TV Program^[78]	Hanna-Barbera	Nominated
		Best Individual Achievement: Music in a TV Production^[78]	Thomas Chase and Steve Rucker	Nominated
		Best Individual Achievement: Producing in a TV Production^[78]	Genndy Tartakovsky for "Ham Hocks and Arm Locks"	Nominated
		Best Individual Achievement: Voice Acting by a Female Performer in a TV Production^[78]	Christine Cavanaugh as Dexter	Nominated
	Primetime Emmys	Outstanding Animated Program (For Programming One Hour or Less)^[77]	Sherry Gunther, Larry Huber, Craig McCracken, Genndy Tartakovsky, and Jason Butler Rote for "Star Spangled Sidekicks", "T.V. Superpals", and "Game Over"	Nominated
1998	Annie Awards	Outstanding Achievement in an Animated Primetime or Late Night Television Program^[79]	Hanna-Barbera	Nominated
		Outstanding Individual Achievement for Voice Acting by a Female Performer in an Animated Television Production^[79]	Christine Cavanaugh as Dexter	Nominated
		Outstanding Individual Achievement for Music in an Animated Television Production^[79]	David Smith, Thomas Chase, and Steve Rucker for "LABretto"	Nominated
	Primetime Emmys	Outstanding Animated Program (For Programming One Hour or Less)^[77]	Davis Doi, Genndy Tartakovsky, Jason Butler Rote, and Michael Ryan for "Dyno-might" and "LABretto"	Nominated
	Golden Reel Award	Best Sound Editing in Television Animation — Music	Dexter's Laboratory	Nominated
2000	Annie Awards	Outstanding Achievement in a Primetime or Late Night Animated Television Program^[80]	Hanna-Barbera	Nominated
2000	Annie Awards	Outstanding Individual Achievement for Voice Acting by a Female Performer in an Animated Television Production^[80]	Christine Cavanaugh as Dexter in "Ego Trip"	Won
2002	Golden Reel Award	Best Sound Editing in Television — Music, Episodic Animation	Roy Braverman and William Griggs for "Momdark", "Quackor", and "Mind Over Chatter"	Nominated
2004	Golden Reel Award	Best Sound Editing in Television Animation — Music	Brian F. Mars and Roy Braverman for "Dexter's Wacky Races"	Nominated

Merchandise

Home media

Dexter's Laboratory first appeared in home media on three VHS tapes in the early 2000s. Episodes had not been officially released before this, except for a complete series DVD contest prize.
Warner Bros. stated in a 2006 interview that they were "...in conversations with Cartoon Network" for DVD collections of cartoons, among which was Dexter's Laboratory.^[81] Madman Entertainment released season one and part of season two in Region 4 in 2008.^[82]^[83] A Region 1 release of season one was released by Warner Home Video on October 12, 2010.^[84] It was third in an official release of Cartoon Cartoons on DVD, under "Cartoon Network Hall of Fame".^[84]
Every episode, except Ego Trip and "Rude Removal", went on iTunes in 2010.^[85] Dexter's Laboratory has since been released on Hulu.^[86] Cartoon Network Racing on PlayStation 2 contains "Dexter's Rival" and "Mandarker" as unlockable extras.

*Dexter's Laboratory* VHS and DVD releases
Title	Season(s)	Episode count	Release date			Format		Episodes
Title	Season(s)	Episode count	Region 1	Region 2	Region 4	VHS	DVD	Episodes
"Dexter's Super Computer Giveaway" DVD set	1, 2	52	1999	N/A	N/A	No	Yes	Grand prize of a Subway promotion, this one-of-a-kind DVD set includes every episode released before 1999.^[87]
Volume 1	1	4	N/A	March 27, 2000^[88]	N/A	Yes	No	1a/c ("Dee Deemensional" / "Maternal Combat"), 2a/c ("Dexter Dodgeball" / "Dexter's Assistant"), 3/12a ("Dexter's Rival"), 3c ("Old Man Dexter"), 4a/c ("Double Trouble" / "Changes"), 5a/c ("Jurassic Pooch" / "Dimwit Dexter"), 6a/c ("Dee Dee's Room" / "Big Sister") and 7a/c ("Star Spangled Sidekicks" / "Game Over")
Ego Trip	Unknown	3	November 7, 2000^[89]	July 23, 2001^[90]	N/A	Yes	No	Movie ("Ego Trip"), 2b ("Dial M for Monkey: Rasslor") and 9b ("The Justice Friends: Krunk's Date")
Greatest Adventures	1, 2	8	July 3, 2001^[91]^[92]	N/A	N/A	Yes	No	2a ("Dexter Dodgeball"), 3/12a ("Dexter's Rival"), 3c ("Old Man Dexter"), 4c ("Changes"), 32a ("Picture Day"), 37a ("Dexter's Lab: A Story"), 43a ("Quiet Riot") and 52 ("Last But Not Beast") Extras: A preview of Samurai Jack and a bonus Ed, Edd n Eddy episode: "Stop, Look and Ed".
Season 2, Part 1	2	13	N/A	N/A	June 11, 2008^[83]	No	Yes	14 ("Beard to Be Feared" / "Quackor the Fowl" / "Ant Pants") - 26 ("Mom and Jerry" / "Chubby Cheese" / "That Crazy Robot")
The Complete First Season	1 (Region 4) 1, 2 (Region 1)	13	October 12, 2010^[84]	N/A	February 13, 2008^[82]	No	Yes	Region 1: 1 ("DeeDeemensional" / "Magmanamus" / "Maternal Combat") - 3 ("Dexter's Rival" / "Simion" / "Old Man Dexter"), 4a ("Double Trouble"), 4c ("Changes"), 5 ("Jurassic Pooch" / "Orgon Grindor" / "Dimwit Dexter") - 13 ("Inflata Dee Dee" / "Can't Nap" / "Monstory") and 37a ("Dexter's Lab: A Story") Region 4: 1 ("DeeDeemensional" / "Magmanamus" / "Maternal Combat") - 13 ("Inflata Dee Dee" / "Can't Nap" / "Monstory")
Collected Experiments	1 - 4	78	N/A	N/A	October 25, 2017^[93]	No	Yes	1 ("DeeDeemensional" / "Magmanamus" / "Maternal Combat") - 78 ("They Got Chops" / "Poetic Injustice" / "Comedy of Feathers")

Compilation appearances
Title	Season(s)	Episode count	Release date			Format		Episodes
Title	Season(s)	Episode count	Region 1	Region 2	Region 4	VHS	DVD	Episodes
The Powerpuff Girls: Twisted Sister	2	1	April 3, 2001^[94]	N/A	N/A	Yes	No	37a ("Dexter's Lab: A Story")
The Powerpuff Girls Movie	4	1	November 5, 2002^[95]^[96]	N/A	N/A	Yes	Yes	77b ("Chicken Scratch")
Powerpuff Girls: 'Twas the Fight Before Christmas	2	1	October 7, 2003^[97]^[98]	N/A	November 8, 2005^[99]	Yes	Yes	50c ("Dexter vs. Santa's Claws")
Scooby-Doo and the Toon Tour of Mysteries	2	3	June 2004^[100]	N/A	N/A	No	Yes	26b ("Photo Finish"), 31a ("Unfortunate Cookie") and 42c ("Trick or Treehouse")
Cartoon Network Halloween: 9 Creepy Cartoon Capers	2	1	August 10, 2004^[101]	N/A	N/A	No	Yes	32a ("Picture Day")
Cartoon Network Christmas: Yuletide Follies	2	1	October 5, 2004^[102]	N/A	N/A	No	Yes	22a ("Snowdown")
Cartoon Network Halloween 2: Grossest Halloween Ever	1	1	August 9, 2005^[103]	N/A	N/A	No	Yes	6a ("Dee Dee's Room")
Cartoon Network: Christmas Rocks	2	1	October 4, 2005^[104]	October 18, 2010^[105]	N/A	No	Yes	Region 1: 50c ("Dexter vs. Santa's Claws") Region 2: 50 ("Dexter and Computress Get Mandark!" / "Pain in the Mouth" / "Dexter vs. Santa's Claws")
4 Kid Favorites: The Hall of Fame Collection	1, 2	8	March 13, 2012^[106]	N/A	N/A	No	Yes	1 ("DeeDeemensional" / "Magmanamus" / "Maternal Combat") - 3 ("Dexter's Rival" / "Simion" / "Old Man Dexter"), 4a ("Double Trouble"), 4c ("Changes"), 5 ("Jurassic Pooch" / "Orgon Grindor" / "Dimwit Dexter") - 8 ("Babysitter Blues" / "Valhallen's Room" / "Dream Machine") and 37a ("Dexter's Lab: A Story")
4 Kid Favorites: The Hall of Fame Collection Vol. 3	1, 2	8	June 23, 2015^[107]	N/A	N/A	No	Yes	Four-disc compilation set includes Season One, Disc One (contrary to its packaging stating Disc Two is included instead)

Music releases

Dexter's Laboratory has spawned two music albums, The Musical Time Machine and The Hip-Hop Experiment, three hip hop music videos, and a fourth music video by They Might Be Giants for "Dee Dee and Dexter", which features Japanese-style animation produced by Klasky Csupo, who was best known for producing various animated shows for Nickelodeon, such as Rugrats, Aaahh!!! Real Monsters, The Wild Thornberrys, Rocket Power, and As Told by Ginger.^[108] Three Dexter's Laboratory tracks were featured on Cartoon Network's compilation album Cartoon Medley.^[109]

Publications

Books set in Dexter's Laboratory were released by Scholastic and Golden Books. These books were:
Under "Dexter's Laboratory":

Dexter's Ink (2002) by Howie Dewin (ISBN 0-439-38579-2)
Dex-Terminator (2002) by Bobbi J. G. Weiss and David Cody Weiss (ISBN 0-439-38580-6)
Dr. Dee Dee & Dexter Hyde (2002) by Meg Belviso and Pam Pollack (ISBN 0-439-43422-X)
I Dream of Dexter (2003) by Meg Belviso and Pam Pollack (ISBN 0-439-43423-8)
The Incredible Shrinking Dexter (2003) by Pam Pollack and Meg Belviso (ISBN 0-439-43424-6)
Dexter's Big Switch (2003) by Meg Belviso and Pamela Pollack (ISBN 0-439-44947-2)

Horse of a Different Dexter (2002) by David Cody Weiss and Bobbi J. G. Weiss (ISBN 0-439-38581-4)

Knights of the Periodic Table (2003) by David Cody Weiss and Bobbi J. G. Weiss (ISBN 0-439-43425-4)

Cootie Wars (2003) by David Cody Weiss and Bobbi J. G. Weiss (ISBN 0-439-44932-4)

Brain Power (2003) by David Cody Weiss and Bobbi J. G. Weiss (ISBN 0-439-44942-1)

Zappo Change-O (2001, by Golden Books) by Genndy Tartakovsky (ISBN 0-307-99812-6)

Five of these were unnumbered, at least on their covers.
Under "Dexter's Laboratory Science Log":

Dee Dee's Amazing Bones (2002) by Anne Capeci (ISBN 0-439-44175-7)
Mixed-Up Magnetism (2002) by Anne Capeci (ISBN 0-439-38582-2)
What's the "Matter" with Dee Dee? (2003) by Anne Capeci (ISBN 0-439-47240-7)
Little Lab or Horrors (2003) by Anne Capeci (ISBN 0-439-47242-3)

Publication details and book covers are on the Internet Speculative Fiction Database.
Related books, which are not storybooks are:

Dexter's Laboratory: Science Fair Showdown! (2001, Golden Books) by Chip Lovitt, a collection of science fair projects. (ISBN 0-307-10775-2)

Delta Education's Project Energy, Eye Spy and Balancing Act from 2003

Dexter's Joke Book For Geniuses, (2004, Scholastic) by Howie Dewin (ISBN 0-439-54582-X )

Characters from Dexter's Laboratory appeared in a 150,000-print magazine called Cartoon Network, published by Burghley Publishing and released in the United Kingdom on August 27, 1998.^[110]
DC Comics printed four comic book volumes featuring Dexter's Laboratory. It first appeared in Cartoon Network Presents, a 24-issue volume showcasing Cartoon Network's premiere animated programming, which was produced from 1997 to 1999. In 1999, DC gave Dexter's Laboratory its own 34-issue comic volume, which ran until 2003. DC ran a Cartoon Cartoons comic book from 2001 to 2004 that frequently contained Dexter's Laboratory stories. This was superseded by Cartoon Network Block Party, which ran from 2004 to 2009.
In February 2013, IDW Publishing announced a partnership with Cartoon Network to produce comics based on its properties. Dexter's Laboratory was one title announced to be published.^[111] Its first issue was released in April 2014.^[112]

Toys and promotions

In November 1997, Wendy's promoted Dexter's Laboratory with six collectible toys called "Dexter's Lab Creation", "Dexter's Green Test Tube Straw", "Dexter's Grabber", "Dexter's Purple Spark Maker", "Dexter's Pen Stand", and "Dexter's Yellow Noisemaker" in their kids' meals.^[113] A Subway promotion supported by Publicis & Hal Riney of Chicago lasted from August 23 to October 3, 1999, called "Dexter's Super Computer Giveaway", in which a computer, monitor, games, software, and an exclusive set of Dexter's Laboratory DVDs were given out as prizes.^[87]^[114] Discovery Zone sponsored Cartoon Network's eight-week-long "Dexter's Duplication Summer" in 1998 to promote the series' new schedule.^[115]^[116] Trendmasters released a series of Dexter's Lab figures and playsets in 2001.^[117]^[118] Six kids' meal toys were sold during an April 2001 Dairy Queen promotion.^[119] That month, Cartoon Network and Perfetti Van Melle launched the "Out of Control" promotion, which included on-air marketing and a sweepstakes to win an "Air Dextron" entertainment center.^[120] The following April, a similar promotion featured Dexter's Laboratory-themed AirHeads packs and an online sweepstakes.^[121] Subway promoted Dexter's Laboratory from April 1 to May 15, 2002, with four kids' meal toys.^[121] In September 2003, Burger King sponsored Dexter's Laboratory toys with kids' meals during a larger promotion featuring online games, Cartoon Orbit codes, and new episodes.^[122] In the United Kingdom the characters of Dexter and Dee Dee were given away in Kelloggs cereal boxes as part of the Cartoon Network Wobble Heads in 2003^[123]
Race to the Brainergizer and The Incredible Invention Versus Dee Dee, two board games, were released by Pressman Toy Corporation in 2001.^[124]

Video games

Six Dexter's Laboratory video games have been released: Robot Rampage for the Nintendo Game Boy Color,^[125] Chess Challenge^[126] and Deesaster Strikes! for the Nintendo Game Boy Advance,^[127] Mandark's Lab? for the Sony PlayStation,^[128] Dexter's Laboratory: Science Ain't Fair for PC,^[129] and Dexter's Laboratory: Security Alert! for mobile phones.^[130]
A Dexter's Laboratory combat-style action video game on PlayStation 2 and Nintendo GameCube was set to be developed by n-Space, published by BAM! Entertainment, and distributed in Europe by Acclaim Entertainment for a 2004 release, but it was canceled.^[131]^[132] On February 15, 2005, Midway Games announced plans to develop and produce a new Dexter's Laboratory video game for multiple consoles, but it never saw the light of day.^[133]
Dexter, Mandark, Dee Dee, Dexter's computer, and Major Glory, as well as items, areas, and inventions were featured in the MMORPG FusionFall.^[134]^[135] Dexter's Laboratory characters were featured in Cartoon Network Racing^[136] and Cartoon Network: Punch Time Explosion.^[137] Punch Time Explosion featured different voice talent for Dexter (Tara Strong instead of Christine Cavanaugh or Candi Milo) and Monkey (Fred Tatasciore instead of Frank Welker).

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